Perestroika and contingency management: Soviet agricultural reform

Perestroika in the Soviet Union's health system.

Recent experiments in the Soviet Union mirror the debates in the United Kingdom about improving incentives in health care. The most interesting innovation to emerge under perestroika is a pilot project in Leningrad and at two other sites which could radically change the financing of hospitals. Hitherto, the budget has gone from the ministry to the hospitals and to the polyclinics by bureaucrati...

The Hazards of Half-measures: Perestroika and the Failure of Post-Soviet Democratization

Perestroika was the most dramatic chapter in the political history of the world in the late twentieth century. Yet, it did not fulfill what was arguably its loftiest promise—to lay firm foundations for lasting popular rule in Russia. The failure of democratization in post-Soviet Russia may be traced in part to two fateful shortcomings in perestroika: the tepidity of Gorbachev’s economic reforms...

Contingency Management

Contingency management (CM), the systematic reinforcement of desired behaviors and the withholding of reinforcement or punishment of undesired behaviors, is an effective strategy in the treatment of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use disorders. Animal research provides the conceptual basis for using CM in AOD abuse treatment, and human studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of CM interventio...

Behavior and Perestroika

The field of behavior analysis progressively has expanded its horizons. In the 1930s and 40s, it focused on molecular responses of birds and small mammals. The 1950s and 60s witnessed an expansion to consideration of primate behavior, including that of humans. The 1970s and 80s experienced the behavioral community psychology emphasis, which investigated behavior and its controlling contingencie...

Reform of Economic Instruction in the Former Soviet Bloc